Parasomnias

They usually occur during arousal from Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep when sleep and wake overlap.

Common parasomnias include:

• Somniloquy (sleep talking)
• Somnambulism (sleepwalking)
• Pavor nocturnus (night terrors)

Diagnosing parasomnias

Parasomnias can occur for a range of reasons and it’s important to determine if the events occur spontaneously or are triggered by other sleep disorders.

It is for that reason that a sleep study is usually recommended when evaluating the disorder.

Managing parasomnias

If parasomnias occur during NREM sleep, they usually begin in childhood and lessen in frequency with age.

These parasomnias can often be effectively managed by avoiding alcohol and ensuring adequate sleep but they can be treated with medication if required.

REM behaviour disorder

Other parasomnias that occur on arousal from REM sleep (REM behaviour disorder or RBD) tend to occur in men over the age of 50 and can manifest as dramatic or violent outbursts during sleep.

In the diagnosis of RBD, other neurological disorders must be ruled out. An overnight sleep study is used in the diagnosis of this disorder and treatment often involves medication.