Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a nervous system condition characterised by unpleasant sensations in the legs and the uncontrollable urge to move them.
Patients with RLS often describe a tingling, itching or crawling sensation in their legs.
Symptoms occur primarily at night when a person is relaxing and can range in severity from uncomfortable to painful.
What causes restless leg syndrome?
Most people will experience the symptoms of restless legs at some point in their life.
Precipitating factors include:
- pregnancy
- iron deficiency
- antidepressant use
- kidney failure
The cause of RLS is unknown, although there appears to be a genetic link, with the condition occurring more frequently in families.
Periodic limb moments (PLMs) occur during sleep, can be severe enough to wake the sleeper and can result in poor sleep and daytime fatigue.
Diagnosing restless leg syndrome
An assessment of RLS usually includes a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Iron levels will be checked and the patient will usually undergo a sleep study to look for co-existing sleep issues, such as sleep apnoea.
Treatment for restless leg syndrome
RLS can often be treated with iron supplements if iron levels are low.
Measures such as pacing or walking can provide short-term relief.
For more severe cases, medication can be prescribed that can lessen the symptoms of RLS.
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